If you’re encountering the all-too-familiar “USB Composite Device Error Code 10” while trying to use your Brother Printer, you’re not alone. This issue has become increasingly common among Windows users, particularly those using USB-connected Brother printers. A Code 10 error generally indicates that the device cannot start, pointing to a communication failure between your computer and the connected printer.
Fortunately, with the right insights, you can resolve this issue effectively. In this article, we’ll delve into the possible causes behind the Brother Printer USB Composite Device Error Code 10 and walk you through proven fixes that can help get your printer back up and running.
What Is a USB Composite Device Error Code 10?
The Error Code 10 is a general hardware failure message typically generated by the Windows Device Manager. When you see this error next to your Brother printer under the “Universal Serial Bus controllers” section, it means the system was unable to start the device due to a driver or compatibility issue.
Reasons for the Code 10 error can include:
- Corrupt or outdated USB drivers
- Windows system updates causing device incompatibility
- Conflicts with other USB-connected devices
- Device hardware faults
- Missing or outdated printer firmware
Identifying the correct root cause is crucial before moving forward with troubleshooting steps.
Identifying the Error in Device Manager
Before you begin troubleshooting, it’s essential to verify the issue via Device Manager. Follow these steps:
- Right-click on the Start button and choose “Device Manager.”
- Scroll down to the section labeled “Universal Serial Bus controllers.”
- Look for an entry labeled “USB Composite Device” with a yellow triangle or an error message.
- Right-click the device and choose “Properties” to view the error status. If it displays “This device cannot start. (Code 10),” you’ve confirmed the issue.
Once you’ve identified the problem device, you can begin applying suitable fixes.
How to Fix Brother Printer USB Composite Device Error Code 10
Resolving this problem usually involves a combination of software and hardware troubleshooting. Here are the most effective solutions, ordered from simplest to most technical.
1. Restart Your Computer and Printer
It’s a basic step, but sometimes a simple restart can flush out hardware configuration issues.
- Turn off your printer and unplug it from your PC.
- Restart your computer.
- Reconnect the printer once your PC is fully booted.
If the error persists, move on to the next solution.
2. Try a Different USB Port or Cable
USB port faults are a common culprit. A defective port or cable can prevent the necessary voltage and data transfer required for the device to function.
- Switch the USB cable to a known-good one.
- Plug the cable into a different USB port on your machine, preferably a USB 2.0 port instead of USB 3.0 if available.
Afterward, check if the device reappears correctly in Device Manager.
3. Reinstall Printer Drivers
Corrupted or missing drivers are the most common cause of Code 10 errors. Reinstalling or updating Brother’s drivers can often resolve the issue.
- Visit the official Brother Support Website.
- Download the latest full driver & software package for your printer model and operating system.
- Uninstall the printer from Windows: Go to Control Panel → Devices and Printers → Right-click the printer → Remove device.
- Then, go to Device Manager, right-click the USB Composite Device → Uninstall driver.
- Finally, install the new driver and reconnect the printer.
4. Update or Reinstall USB Controllers
If the problem isn’t specifically with the printer driver, it might be an issue with the USB controller on your motherboard.
- Open Device Manager.
- Expand “Universal Serial Bus controllers.”
- Right-click each “USB Root Hub” and “USB Composite Device” → Choose “Uninstall device.”
- Restart your computer. Windows will automatically reinstall the default drivers upon reboot.
This simple reinitialization often resolves code-based power or communication issues.
5. Run the Windows Hardware and Devices Troubleshooter
Sometimes, automated diagnostics can help resolve hidden configuration issues:
- Open Settings → Update & Security → Troubleshoot.
- Click on “Additional troubleshooters.”
- Select “Hardware and Devices” and run the tool.
This built-in Windows tool may identify problems affecting the USB interface and attempt to fix them automatically.
6. Update System BIOS and Chipset Drivers
In rare cases, outdated BIOS or motherboard chipset firmware may hinder proper USB communication. Visit the official website of your motherboard or PC manufacturer and look for BIOS and USB-related firmware or chipset driver downloads.
Warning: Only experienced users should attempt BIOS updates, as improper flashing can damage your computer irreversibly.
7. Perform a Clean Boot
Conflicts with third-party software or services can also prevent USB devices from initializing correctly. A clean boot restricts Windows startup to essential components only.
- Press Windows + R → type msconfig → press Enter.
- Under the “Services” tab, check Hide all Microsoft services then click Disable all.
- Under the “Startup” tab, click “Open Task Manager” and disable all startup items.
- Restart your computer and reconnect the printer.
When to Contact Brother Support
If you have exhausted the above solutions and the printer still fails to function, it may be time to escalate the issue. Contact Brother Customer Support and provide them with detailed information including:
- Your printer model and serial number
- Operating system version
- Exact wording of the error message
- Steps you’ve already taken to resolve the issue
They may offer specialized firmware updates or recommend authorized service for printer hardware inspection.
Preventing Future USB Device Errors
To avoid running into the same issue again, consider these preventative measures:
- Always safely eject USB devices before unplugging them
- Use the latest driver and firmware updates
- Keep your operating system updated
- Avoid using USB hubs that might not supply enough power
- Periodically review Device Manager for unknown or error-marked devices
Prevention is more manageable than troubleshooting after problems arise.
Conclusion
The Brother Printer USB Composite Device Error Code 10 can be frustrating, but it’s not insurmountable. Most causes stem from driver conflicts, bad USB connections, or system updates. By following the step-by-step instructions outlined above, you can systematically identify and resolve the issue, restoring normal functionality to your printer setup.
Approach each solution patiently, and remember: if basic troubleshooting doesn’t yield results, don’t hesitate to seek professional technical support from Brother or certified repair experts.
